Tax Deadlines in Estonia
The complete Estonian tax filing calendar for OÜs — every monthly, quarterly, annual, and event-driven deadline, the consequences of missing each one, and how we ensure every filing is submitted on time through the EMTA e-Tax portal.
TSD 10th KMD 20th OSS Quarterly Annual Report 30 June Income Tax Return 30 April 0.06%/day Interest
10th TSD Monthly
20th KMD Monthly
30 Jun Annual Report
30 Apr Income Tax Return
0.06% Daily Interest
21.9% Annualised Rate
Why Estonian Tax Deadlines Are Absolute
There is no grace period — interest starts on day one
EMTA imposes interest at 0.06% per day from the first day after the deadline. There is no reminder, no warning letter before interest starts, and no automatic extension. If TSD is due on the 10th and you file on the 11th, one day’s interest has already accrued on any unpaid tax.
EMTA imposes interest at 0.06% per day from the first day after the deadline. There is no reminder, no warning letter before interest starts, and no automatic extension. If TSD is due on the 10th and you file on the 11th, one day’s interest has already accrued on any unpaid tax.
0.06%/day = 21.9% annualised — higher than credit card rates
At 0.06% per day, EMTA’s interest rate compounds to 21.9% per annum. €10,000 of unpaid VAT left for one year costs €2,190 in interest alone — on top of the original tax debt. This makes EMTA the most expensive creditor an Estonian OÜ can have.
At 0.06% per day, EMTA’s interest rate compounds to 21.9% per annum. €10,000 of unpaid VAT left for one year costs €2,190 in interest alone — on top of the original tax debt. This makes EMTA the most expensive creditor an Estonian OÜ can have.
Deadlines apply even when there is nothing to declare
A VAT-registered OÜ must file a nil KMD return by the 20th every month — even in months with zero transactions. Failure to file a nil return still triggers the late filing fine (€200 minimum). The obligation is to the filing, not only to the tax payment.
A VAT-registered OÜ must file a nil KMD return by the 20th every month — even in months with zero transactions. Failure to file a nil return still triggers the late filing fine (€200 minimum). The obligation is to the filing, not only to the tax payment.
Some deadlines move when they fall on a weekend or public holiday
Under Estonian tax law, when a filing deadline falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or public holiday, the deadline moves to the next working day. For example, if the 10th falls on Sunday, the TSD deadline is Monday the 11th. EMTA confirms current-year deadline dates on emta.ee.
Under Estonian tax law, when a filing deadline falls on a Saturday, Sunday, or public holiday, the deadline moves to the next working day. For example, if the 10th falls on Sunday, the TSD deadline is Monday the 11th. EMTA confirms current-year deadline dates on emta.ee.
Annual report deadline is enforced by the Business Register
The 30 June annual report deadline is enforced by the Business Register (äriregister), not EMTA. The consequence of missing it — eventually company strike-off — is irreversible without a reinstatement application. Banks and partners monitor Business Register filings.
The 30 June annual report deadline is enforced by the Business Register (äriregister), not EMTA. The consequence of missing it — eventually company strike-off — is irreversible without a reinstatement application. Banks and partners monitor Business Register filings.
Professional accounting eliminates deadline risk entirely
With professional accounting, every deadline is tracked and every filing is submitted on time. Our clients have never received an EMTA interest charge or annual report penalty — because we file before the deadline, every time, without exception.
With professional accounting, every deadline is tracked and every filing is submitted on time. Our clients have never received an EMTA interest charge or annual report penalty — because we file before the deadline, every time, without exception.
The single most important tax compliance habit for an Estonian OÜ: treat the 10th and 20th of every month as inviolable. TSD by the 10th. KMD by the 20th. Miss either and interest accrues immediately. The annual report by 30 June is the third critical date. Everything else — OSS quarterly, dividend TSD, non-resident payment TSD — is triggered by events. Professional accounting ensures all three fixed deadlines are never missed.
Section 1 — Complete Tax Deadline Calendar
Every Estonian OÜ filing obligation — deadline, who it applies to, and consequence
Full Reference Calendar
The table below is the authoritative reference for every filing deadline applicable to an Estonian OÜ. Deadlines and consequences highlighted. The ‘Applies When’ column shows the trigger — not all OÜs face all obligations every month.
| Deadline | Declaration / Filing | Filed By | Applies When | Consequence of Missing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10th monthly | TSD — tulu- ja sotsiaalmaksu deklaratsioon | Employer OÜ | Any month with salary, board fees, dividends, fringe benefits, or non-resident payments | 0.06%/day on unpaid tax; fine €200–€1,200 |
| 20th monthly | KMD — käibemaksudeklaratsioon (VAT return) | VAT-registered OÜ (KM-kohustuslane) | Every month from date of VAT registration — even nil returns | Fine €200–€2,000; 0.06%/day on unpaid VAT; deregistration risk if persistent |
| Before 1st day of work | Töötamise register — employment register | OÜ hiring a new employee | Before each new hire’s first day of work | Fine up to €1,200 per unregistered employee; employee has no social security coverage |
| Within 30 days of Q-end | OSS quarterly return — One-Stop-Shop VAT | OÜ registered for OSS | Q1: by 30 April; Q2: by 31 July; Q3: by 31 Oct; Q4: by 31 Jan | Interest on unpaid VAT; possible OSS deregistration |
| Within 30 days of Q-end | IOSS quarterly return — Import OSS | OÜ registered for IOSS | Same Q-end schedule as OSS | Interest on unpaid import VAT; IOSS deregistration |
| 30 April | Tulumaksudeklaratsioon — individual income tax return | Estonian tax-resident individuals; FIE (sole traders) | All tax-resident individuals with income not fully taxed at source | Fine; EMTA assessment; loss of potential refund |
| 30 June (or 6 months after year-end) | Majandusaasta aruanne — annual report to Business Register | All Estonian OÜs, ASs, and legal entities — including inactive | Every year, without exception — even nil-activity companies | Business Register may initiate strike-off proceedings after 6 months overdue |
| 10th of following month | TSD Annex 4 — dividend distribution tax | OÜ distributing dividends | Month of dividend payment | 0.06%/day from 11th on unpaid distribution tax |
| 10th of following month | TSD Annex 2 — non-resident income payment | OÜ paying dividends/royalties to non-residents | Month of non-resident payment | 0.06%/day; full WHT assessed by EMTA if not filed |
| Before threshold crossed | KM-R — VAT registration application | OÜ approaching €40,000 taxable turnover | When approaching the 12-month rolling €40,000 threshold | EMTA back-assesses VAT from threshold date; interest from that date |
| On event | Töötamise register update — employment status change | OÜ with employees | Any change: termination, contract amendment | Fine; employment register inaccuracy creates audit exposure |
Section 2 — Which Deadlines Apply to Your OÜ
Monthly obligations mapped to common Estonian OÜ profiles
Monthly Deadline Matrix by OÜ Profile
Your specific monthly obligations depend on your OÜ’s activities. The matrix below shows which filings are triggered for each common OÜ profile. Use this to quickly identify your specific compliance requirements.
| OÜ Profile | TSD by 10th | KMD by 20th | OSS Qtrly | Annual Report | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New OÜ, no employees, no VAT, no dividends | — | — | — | ✓ by 30 June | Nil activity still requires annual report; no EMTA monthly filings |
| OÜ pays board member fee to director | ✓ Annex 1 | — | — | ✓ by 30 June | TSD due every month a board fee is paid; even for a single payment |
| OÜ with 1 employee on payroll | ✓ Annex 1 | — | — | ✓ by 30 June | TSD every month; töötamise register before first day |
| VAT-registered OÜ, no employees | — | ✓ monthly | — | ✓ by 30 June | KMD due every month from registration — even nil KMD returns |
| VAT-registered OÜ with 2 employees | ✓ Annex 1 | ✓ monthly | — | ✓ by 30 June | Both TSD by 10th and KMD by 20th each month |
| OÜ selling digital services to EU B2C customers (OSS) | — | ✓ monthly | ✓ quarterly | ✓ by 30 June | OSS quarterly within 30 days of Q-end; KMD monthly for Estonian sales |
| OÜ distributes dividends in March | ✓ Annex 4 | — | — | ✓ by 30 June | TSD Annex 4 due by 10 April for March distribution |
| OÜ pays royalties to UK company in May | ✓ Annex 2 | — | — | ✓ by 30 June | TSD Annex 2 due by 10 June; WHT at applicable DTT rate |
| Active OÜ: employees + VAT + OSS + dividends | ✓ Annex 1+4 | ✓ monthly | ✓ quarterly | ✓ by 30 June | All obligations active; full professional accounting required |
The simplest OÜ has only one annual obligation — but it is still mandatory
A newly registered OÜ with no employees, no VAT registration, and no distributions has exactly one mandatory filing per year: the annual report (majandusaasta aruanne) by 30 June. Even if the OÜ had zero transactions, zero revenue, and zero costs, the annual report must be filed. This is the minimum obligation under Estonian company law. Everything else — TSD, KMD, OSS — is triggered by business activity. Getting the annual report filed correctly and on time is the first and most fundamental compliance task.
A newly registered OÜ with no employees, no VAT registration, and no distributions has exactly one mandatory filing per year: the annual report (majandusaasta aruanne) by 30 June. Even if the OÜ had zero transactions, zero revenue, and zero costs, the annual report must be filed. This is the minimum obligation under Estonian company law. Everything else — TSD, KMD, OSS — is triggered by business activity. Getting the annual report filed correctly and on time is the first and most fundamental compliance task.
Section 3 — The Cost of Missing Deadlines
What EMTA charges — and how quickly it compounds
Interest Accumulation — 0.06%/Day on Any Outstanding Tax
The table below shows how quickly EMTA interest compounds on unpaid tax. The rate applies to any underpaid or late-paid TSD, KMD, or distribution tax. It also applies to back-assessed WHT and VAT. The final column shows the real business cost in context — compare these figures against the cost of professional accounting that prevents them.
| Days Late | Interest on €1,000 | Interest on €5,000 | Real Business Cost — Context |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 day | €0.60 | €3.00 | One missed KMD payment date: one day costs €3 on €5,000 outstanding |
| 7 days | €4.20 | €21.00 | One week late on payroll taxes: €21 on €5,000 — more than the cost of a short call to sort it |
| 30 days | €18.00 | €90.00 | One month late: €90 on €5,000 — exceeds one hour of professional accounting advice |
| 90 days | €54.00 | €270.00 | Three months late: €270 on €5,000 — approaches the annual report cost |
| 180 days | €108.00 | €540.00 | Six months: €540 on €5,000 — almost two months of full accounting fees |
| 365 days (1 year) | €219.00 | €1,095.00 | One year late: €1,095 on €5,000 — 21.9% annualised rate; higher than credit card APR |
| 730 days (2 years) | €438.00 | €2,190.00 | Two years: €2,190 on €5,000 — plus the original unpaid tax; total liability €7,190 |
Additional Fines — On Top of Interest
| Filing Type | Minimum Fine | Maximum Fine | Triggered By |
|---|---|---|---|
| TSD — late filing (tulu- ja sotsiaalmaksu deklaratsioon) | €200 | €1,200 | Filing after the 10th deadline; even one day late |
| KMD — late filing (käibemaksudeklaratsioon) | €200 | €2,000 | Filing after the 20th deadline; including nil returns |
| Employment register violation (töötamise register) | €200 per violation | €1,200 per employee | Unregistered employee or failure to update register |
| Annual report — failure to file (äriregistrile esitamata) | N/A — no direct fine | Company struck off register (most severe consequence) | More than 6 months overdue; preceded by warning letter |
| VAT registration — failure to register when required | No direct fine | EMTA back-assesses VAT from threshold date + interest | Discovered by EMTA audit or information review |
Late annual report = company at risk of dissolution — no equivalent fine can substitute
The most severe consequence of missed Estonian tax deadlines is not a fine — it is company dissolution. An annual report that is more than 6 months overdue (by 31 December) triggers Business Register strike-off proceedings. A dissolved company cannot trade, cannot open bank accounts, and cannot be reinstated without a court application costing €500–2,000 in fees and legal costs. The annual report is therefore both the cheapest deadline to meet (€400 professional preparation) and the most expensive to miss.
The most severe consequence of missed Estonian tax deadlines is not a fine — it is company dissolution. An annual report that is more than 6 months overdue (by 31 December) triggers Business Register strike-off proceedings. A dissolved company cannot trade, cannot open bank accounts, and cannot be reinstated without a court application costing €500–2,000 in fees and legal costs. The annual report is therefore both the cheapest deadline to meet (€400 professional preparation) and the most expensive to miss.
Section 4 — Annual Report Timeline
From year-end to 30 June filing — the step-by-step process
How We Prepare and File Your Annual Report
The majandusaasta aruanne (annual financial statements) must be filed with the Business Register by 30 June for OÜs with a 31 December financial year-end. For companies with a non-December year-end, the deadline is 6 months after the financial year-end date. The process runs from January to June for a December year-end company.
Jan–Feb — Financial year closes (31 Dec) — begin preparation
The financial year ends on 31 December for most OÜs. From January, the bookkeeping for the full year is reconciled, all December entries are posted, and the trial balance is finalised. Do not wait until June to start — annual reports prepared in a rush have more errors.
The financial year ends on 31 December for most OÜs. From January, the bookkeeping for the full year is reconciled, all December entries are posted, and the trial balance is finalised. Do not wait until June to start — annual reports prepared in a rush have more errors.
Mar–Apr — Complete bookkeeping and reconcile all accounts
All 12 months of bookkeeping are reviewed. Bank accounts reconciled for each month. VAT position verified against all KMD filings. Payroll costs matched to TSD declarations. Any corrections from prior months are posted. Opening balances for the new year confirmed.
All 12 months of bookkeeping are reviewed. Bank accounts reconciled for each month. VAT position verified against all KMD filings. Payroll costs matched to TSD declarations. Any corrections from prior months are posted. Opening balances for the new year confirmed.
Apr–May — Prepare draft annual report — balance sheet, P&L, notes
Annual report prepared in Merit Aktiva: balance sheet (bilanss), income statement (kasumiaruanne), notes to the accounts (lisad), and management board report (tegevusaruanne). For micro-entities, simplified format applies. Review with the OÜ owner for any corrections or queries.
Annual report prepared in Merit Aktiva: balance sheet (bilanss), income statement (kasumiaruanne), notes to the accounts (lisad), and management board report (tegevusaruanne). For micro-entities, simplified format applies. Review with the OÜ owner for any corrections or queries.
May–Jun — OÜ owner reviews and signs — digitally with e-ID
The signed annual report requires the signature of the management board member (juhatuse liige). Signature is electronic using e-ID card, Mobile ID, or Smart-ID via DigiDoc4. The signed .bdoc container is the legally valid signed annual report.
The signed annual report requires the signature of the management board member (juhatuse liige). Signature is electronic using e-ID card, Mobile ID, or Smart-ID via DigiDoc4. The signed .bdoc container is the legally valid signed annual report.
By 30 June — File with Business Register (e-Äriregister) — hard deadline
The completed, signed annual report is filed through the e-Äriregister portal. For most OÜs: 30 June deadline (6 months after 31 December year-end). If the financial year does not end on 31 December, the deadline is 6 months after the financial year-end date.
The completed, signed annual report is filed through the e-Äriregister portal. For most OÜs: 30 June deadline (6 months after 31 December year-end). If the financial year does not end on 31 December, the deadline is 6 months after the financial year-end date.
After 30 Jun — What happens if you miss the deadline
EMTA does not directly enforce annual report deadlines — the Business Register (äriregister) does. After 6 months overdue (by 31 December), the Business Register may issue a warning and begin strike-off proceedings. Banks may also flag and close accounts of companies with overdue annual reports.
EMTA does not directly enforce annual report deadlines — the Business Register (äriregister) does. After 6 months overdue (by 31 December), the Business Register may issue a warning and begin strike-off proceedings. Banks may also flag and close accounts of companies with overdue annual reports.
What the Annual Report Contains
| Section | Required For | Contents | Format Standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balance sheet (bilanss) | All OÜs | Assets (fixed, current), liabilities (short-term, long-term), equity (share capital, retained earnings) | RTJ or IFRS — specific line items per Estonian Business Register requirements |
| Income statement (kasumiaruanne) | All OÜs | Revenue, operating expenses, operating profit, financial items, pre-tax profit/loss | RTJ format A (functional) or format B (nature of expense) |
| Notes to the accounts (lisad) | All except micro-entities (simplified format) | Accounting policies, related party transactions, contingent liabilities, other disclosures | Extensive for full reports; minimal for micro-entities |
| Management board report (tegevusaruanne) | All except micro-entities | Business description, key developments, risks, future plans | Narrative text; no prescribed format but must cover material matters |
| Cash flow statement | Small and above (not micro-entities) | Operating, investing, financing cash flows | Direct or indirect method |
| Statement of changes in equity | All except micro-entities | Movements in share capital, retained earnings, other equity components | Tabular format; shows opening/closing equity and changes |
Section 5 — What to Do If You Have Missed a Deadline
Acting immediately is always better than waiting
Action Plan by Deadline Missed
| Deadline Missed | Immediate Action | What We Do | Expected EMTA Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|
| TSD not filed by 10th | File the TSD immediately — today | We calculate the correct declaration amounts, prepare TSD, and file electronically | Interest from 11th; late filing fine €200–1,200; voluntary filing treated more favourably than EMTA discovery |
| KMD not filed by 20th | File the KMD immediately | We prepare the VAT return from bookkeeping data and file; pay outstanding VAT | Interest from 21st; fine €200–2,000; nil returns still incur fines even with zero VAT due |
| Annual report overdue | File as soon as possible — every month adds risk | We reconstruct bookkeeping if needed, prepare the annual report, and file | Business Register issues warning; no direct fine but strike-off proceedings begin after 6 months total overdue |
| TSD Annex 4 not filed (dividend) | File immediately and pay distribution tax | We calculate 22/78 gross-up, complete TSD Annex 4, and file with EMTA | 0.06%/day from 11th on unpaid distribution tax; voluntary correction treated well |
| VAT registration not obtained when required | Apply for VAT registration immediately and notify EMTA | We complete the KM-R application, calculate back-due VAT, and file missing KMD returns | EMTA back-assesses VAT from threshold date with interest; proactive disclosure is significantly better than audit discovery |
EMTA’s voluntary correction principle: always better to come forward first
EMTA formally recognises voluntary correction (vabatahtlik parandus) as a mitigating factor when assessing penalties. If you discover a missed filing or unpaid tax and contact EMTA or file the correct declaration proactively — before EMTA contacts you about it — the treatment is significantly more favourable than if the error is discovered in an audit. Voluntary correction typically results in: paying the outstanding tax, paying the accrued interest, and no additional penalty fine. Once EMTA initiates a review of a specific period, the opportunity for voluntary correction of that period is closed.
EMTA formally recognises voluntary correction (vabatahtlik parandus) as a mitigating factor when assessing penalties. If you discover a missed filing or unpaid tax and contact EMTA or file the correct declaration proactively — before EMTA contacts you about it — the treatment is significantly more favourable than if the error is discovered in an audit. Voluntary correction typically results in: paying the outstanding tax, paying the accrued interest, and no additional penalty fine. Once EMTA initiates a review of a specific period, the opportunity for voluntary correction of that period is closed.